PROGRAM DETAILS

Introduction

LNG is a natural gas converted into a liquid form for ease of storage & transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odourless, colourless, toxic and non-corrosive.  LNG is the most energy efficient fossil fuel— it offers important energy saving benefits when it is used instead of oil or coal. It is also a source of hydrocarbons for petrochemical feedstock and a major source of elemental sulphur. Its popularity as an energy source is expected to grow substantially in the future because LNG can help achieve two important energy goals for the twenty-first century— providing sustainable energy supplies and services needed for social and economic development and reducing adverse impacts on global climate and the environment in general.

The LNG processing and transportation in refrigerated compressed tanks are highly capital intensive and dynamic. This training program is designed for LNG professionals to be ahead of the race and achieve maximum effectiveness and expand their business knowledge in the fast changing complexities of the LNG business.

 Learning Objectives

By the end of this training program, delegates will be able to:

• Have a better understanding of the entire LNG value chain
• Understand the LNG terminology
• Understand LNG production, storage, transportation and distribution
• Distinguish between various sales, marketing terms and conditions
• Understand the various terms in LPG procurement & commercial agreements
• Learn economic evaluation benchmarks and determine return on investments

 Program Contents

Day 1

Introduction to the LNG Industry

• Exploration, development and LNG production, shipping, importation
• The value chain: from wellhead to burner tip
• Players: governments, NOCs, IOCs, banks and insurers etc
• Cost and value drivers; shareholder expectations

Natural Gas Value Chain

• Exploration and production
• Processing and Production
• Sales gas transmission
• Underground storage
• Distribution
• Sales gas and product specifications

Global Production

• Global producers of LNG
• Projects currently under development

Global Markets

• Global users of LNG
• Projects currently under development

Gas Conditioning Processes

• Excess water removal
• Contaminants removal
• NGL separation

Day 2

Logistics Lifecycle of LNG 

Nitrogen Rejection Processes

• Cryogenic process
• Absorption process (using lean oil or solvent) Membrane separation
• Adsorption process (activated carbon) Storage System

Pipeline Operations

• Basics of gas pipeline
• Gas flow measurement

Storage tanks

• Vapour recovery system LACT unit
• Sampling
• Natural Gas Transportation
• Pipeline components
• Compressor stations
• Metering stations
• Valves
• Control stations

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

• Why LNG a growth industry
• Compression & Refrigeration
• Transportation of LNG
• Major LNG Exporting nations
• Major Importing nations

 Day 3

LNG Economics (Sales, Marketing & Risks)

LNG Sales, Marketing and Trade

• Price disparity in different regions
• LNG Benchmarks
• Major changes in LNG business

Business Sector

• Industry and market Structure
• Natural gas demand
• Natural gas supply
• Economics of the natural gas plants

Global Markets

Key Project Risk and Value Identification

• Understanding the fundamental commercial drivers for project success
• Identification of key project risks (from a commercial perspective) and mitigation strategies
• Reserves definitions and reserves certification
• Completion and cost overrun risks
• Cost linkages to oil and gas prices

Day 4

LNG Project Financing and Project Management  

Gas Plant Project Management

• Project Management Overview
• Industry Perspective
• The Project Management Process
• Project Controls & Quality Controls
• Quality Assurance
• Commissioning and Start-up

Dispute Prevention & Arbitration

• Disputes
• Arbitration and expert determination

Commercial Structures

• Alternative Commercial Structures
• Complexity of integrating requirements
• FOB versus DES sales

LNG Project Financing Essentials

• Financial structures in LNG
• Investment decision making
• The key value drivers in LNG financing

Overview of LNG Financing Options

• Balance financing
• ECA and multilateral agency funding
• Capital markets
• Asset based financing
• Project financing and structured recourse financing

Day 5

LNG Agreements, Regulations and Future Trends 

LNG Agreements

• Overview of the contractual Terminology
• Stakeholder analysis and drivers
• Upstream Agreements
• LNG Supply Purchase Agreements SPA
• EPC Contracts
• LNG Shipping arrangements/agreements
• LNG regasification Terminal Agreements
• Fiscal and legal regimes worldwide
• Production sharing arrangements

Regulations

• The history of regulations
• The market under regulation
• The environmental impact

The Future Trends in Natural Gas Trends

• Trends in LNG markets
• Latest changes and movements in LNG trading
• The impact of shale gas
• Hubs vs. oil for price setting
• Market shifts in importation and liquefaction
• Mid and small scale LNG
• Floating and niche LNG concepts