PROGRAM DETAILS

Program Overview

This course provides the latest in technology in the selection, applications, or maintenance of electrical equipment. It also explains how this equipment operates and provides guidelines and rules that must be followed for a successful operation. Their basic design, operating characteristics, specification, selection criteria, as well as all maintenance issues too are covered in detail.

Program Content

Module 1: Generation of Power and Generating Plants

1. Introduction
2. Advantages of Electrical Energy
3. Sources of Energy
4. Generation of Electrical Power
5. Conventional Power Plants
6. Steam Power Plants
7. Hydroelectric (Hydel) Plants
8. Nuclear Power Plants
9. Diesel Power Plants
10. Comparison of Various Power Plants

Module 2: Load Characteristics

1. Energy Requirements
2. Variable Load on Power Station
3. Load Curves
4. Definitions, Terms and Factors
5. Feeder Load
6. Load Curves
7. Selection of Generating Units
8. Base Load and Peak Load on Power Station
9. Method of Meeting the Load
10. Load Types
11. Load Forecasting

Module 3: Economics of Power Generation

1. Choice In Type of Generation
2. Capital Cost of Plants
3. Cost Of Electrical Energy
4. Methods of Depreciation Calculation
5. Effect of Load Factor on Unit Energy Cost

Module 4: Tariff

1. Introduction
2. Tariff- Definition and Characteristics
3. Types of Tariffs
4. Numericals

Module 5: Supply Systems

1. Generation, Transmission and Distribution
2. Important Points
3. Star Delta Connections
4. Comparison Between A.C. and D.C. Systems of Transmission and Distribution
5. Comparison Between Overhead and Underground Systems Of Transmission and Distribution
6. High Voltage (H.V.) D.C. Transmission
7. Advantages Of H.V.D.C. Transmission

 Module 6: Transmission Systems

1. Advantages of Transmission at High Voltage
2. Limitations of High Transmission Voltages
3. Economical Transmission Voltage
4. Economical Size of Conductor – Kelvin’s Law
5. Limitations of Kelvin’s Law
6. Numericals
7. Various Transmission Systems
8. Calculation of Volume of Copper Required for Various Overhead Systems
9. Calculation of Volume of Copper Required for Various Underground Systems of Transmission
10. Comparison of Volumes of Copper

Module 7: Distribution Systems

1. Distribution System
2. Classification Of Distribution Systems
3. Requirements Of A Good Distribution Scheme
4. Overhead Versus Underground System
5. D.C. Distribution
6. Booster
7. Types Of Loading
8. Types Of Distributors
9. Distributor Fed at One End: (Concentrated Loading)
10. Numericals
11. Distributor Fed at One End (Uniformly Loaded)
12. Numerical
13. Distributor Fed at Both Ends (Concentrated Loading)
14. Numerical
15. Distributors With Uniformly Distributed Loads and Fed at Both Ends
16. Numerical
17. Distributor (Uniformly Loaded) Fed at the Centre
18. Numerical
19. Three Wire Dc System
20. Numericals
21. Ring Distributor
22. Numericals
23. AC Distribution
24. AC Distribution Calculations
25. Numerical

 Module 8: Underground Cables

1. Underground Cables
2. Construction of Cables
3. Insulating Materials for Cables
4. Classification of Cables
5. Solid Type Cables
6. Laying of Underground Cables
7. Insulation Resistance of a Single-Core Cable
8. Capacitance of a Single Core
9. Dielectric Stress of a Single Core Cable
10.  Economical Conductor Size for a Cable
11.  Grading of Cables
12.  Capacitance of Three Core Cables
13.  Failure of Underground Cables
14.  Power Factor of Cable
15.  Location of Short Circuit and Open Circuit Faults

Module 9: Conducting an Energy Audit

1. Sources of Energy
2. What is an Energy Audit?
3. Energy Audit Programs
4. Benefits of Energy Audit
5. Energy Audit Approach
6. Energy Audit Characteristics

 Chapter 10: Basic Concepts                                                   

1. Alternating Current Circuits
2. Instantaneous Power (p)
3. Complex Power
4. Power Triangle
5. Power Factor
6. Capacitor Construction and Operation
7. Loss Angle or Tan d
8. Exercises: Power Calculations of Loads

 Module 11: Power Factor Improvement – General               

1. Causes of low power factors
2. Known loads power factors
3. Annual power factor penalty
4. Unfavorable effects of low power factor loads
5. Capacitor price simple payback
6. Power factor improvement
7. Capacitor sizing
8. Economic considerations of power factor improvement
9. Power analyzer

 Module 12: Industrial Application of Capacitors          

1. Power Factor Improvement for Power Transformer
2. Power Factor Improvement for Induction Motors
3. Automatic Control of Capacitors
4. Steps and Stage Size Considerations
5. Microprocessor controlled capacitor
6. Harmonics and harmonic filters
7. Power Factor Improvements for Welding Plant and Arc Furnaces

Module 13: Capacitor Location, Installation and Protection                                                       

1. Capacitor Location
2. Capacitor Installation
3. Making a Capacitor Element
4. Making Capacitor Unit from Elements
5. Making Capacitor Banks from Capacitor Units
6. Capacitor Fusing

Module 14: Application of Power Capacitor in Power System                                                                 

1. Effects of Capacitors on Power Supply Circuits
2. Application of Shunt Capacitors to Power Supply Systems
3. Application of Series Capacitors to Power Supply Systems
4. SCADA Controlled Multi-Step Automatic Controlled Capacitor Banks & Filter Banks
5. Applications

 Module 15: SVC and Reactive Power Control                        

1. Reactors
2. What Are Static VAR Compensators?
3. Types of Static VAR Compensators
4. Basis of Selection of Compensator Type
5. Static VAR Compensators Thyristors
6. SVC’s Control Technique
7. Applications of SVC
8. Design of SVC Parameters